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Compare Christmas Island (2003) - Tokelau (2002)
Compare Christmas Island (2003) z Tokelau (2002)
| Christmas Island (2003) | Tokelau (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (territory of Australia) | none (territory of New Zealand) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.) |
0-14 years: 42%
15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5% (1996 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | NA | coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats |
| Airports | 1 (2002) | none; lagoon landings are possible by amphibious aircraft (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
- |
| Area | total: 135 sq km
land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 10 sq km
land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC | about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
| Background | Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. | Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
revenues: $430,830
expenditures: $2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 |
| Capital | The Settlement | none; each atoll has its own administrative center |
| Climate | tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds | tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) |
| Coastline | 80 km | 101 km |
| Constitution | NA | administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island
conventional short form: Christmas Island |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tokelau |
| Currency | Australian dollar (AUD) | New Zealand dollar (NZD) |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | $NA | $0 |
| Dependency status | territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services | self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution, developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of Australia) | none (territory of New Zealand) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of Australia) | none (territory of New Zealand) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | from New Zealand about $4 million annually |
| Economy - overview | Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, slated to begin operation in 2003. | Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services, annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Murray Hill 361 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 5 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand |
| Ethnic groups | Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%
note: no indigenous population (2001) |
Polynesian |
| Exchange rates | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173(2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998) | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general
head of government: Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Lindsay WATT (since NA March 1993)
head of government: Aliki Faipule Pio TUIA (since NA 2002) cabinet: the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders - one from each atoll - functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term |
| Exports | $NA | $98,000 f.o.b. (1983) |
| Exports - commodities | phosphate | stamps, copra, handicrafts |
| Exports - partners | Australia, NZ | NZ |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory | the flag of New Zealand is used |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $NA | purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $NA | purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 10 30 S, 105 40 E | 9 00 S, 172 00 W |
| Geography - note | located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean | consists of three atolls, each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over three meters above sea level |
| Highways | total: 240 km
paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000) |
total: NA km
paved: NA km unpaved: NA km |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $NA | $323,000 c.i.f. (1983) |
| Imports - commodities | consumer goods | foodstuffs, building materials, fuel |
| Imports - partners | principally Australia | NZ |
| Independence | none (territory of Australia) | none (territory of New Zealand) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) | small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA%
male: NA% female: NA% |
38 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | NA% |
| International organization participation | none | SPC, UNESCO (associate), WHO (associate) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court | Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau |
| Labor force | NA | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995) | - |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (1998 est.) |
arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | English (official), Chinese, Malay | Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English |
| Legal system | under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law | New Zealand and local statutes |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)
elections: last held NA December 2002 (next to be held NA December 2003) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 |
unicameral General Fono (48 seats; members chosen by each atoll's Council of Elders or Taupulega to serve three-year terms); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years (2003 est.) |
total population: NA years
male: 68 years (2001) female: 70 years (2001) |
| Literacy | NA | NA |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia | Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone: 12 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2002 est.) | none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Australia | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand |
| National holiday | NA | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) |
| Nationality | noun: Christmas Islander(s)
adjective: Christmas Island |
noun: Tokelauan(s)
adjective: Tokelauan |
| Natural hazards | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard | lies in Pacific typhoon belt |
| Natural resources | phosphate, beaches | NEGL |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Political parties and leaders | none | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | none |
| Population | 433 (July 2003 est.) | 1,431 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | -9% (2003 est.) | -0.92% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Flying Fish Cove | none; offshore anchorage only |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
note: each atoll has a radio broadcast station of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998) |
| Radios | - | 1,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 24 km to serve phosphate mines | 0 km |
| Religions | Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997) | Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%
note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant |
| Sex ratio | NA (2003 est.) | NA |
| Suffrage | - | 21 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: service provided by the Australian network
domestic: only analog mobile telephone service is available international: satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000) |
general assessment: adequate
domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997 |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | NA |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 0 (2001) |
| Television broadcast stations | NA | - |
| Terrain | steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau | low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman (2003 est.) | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | NA% |
| Waterways | none | none |
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